I don't think GParted would perform this kind of fix on any mswindows version.
GParted Livecd can boot the computer, in case the hardware is running well.
The mobo, processor, memory etc drivers and configuration are used by the operating system and related info is stored in the system registry. These hardware changes need the system to be updated.
If GParted boots, this means that the basic hardware is running together.
On boot up, GParted checks everything of the hardware to choose the right driver for each component.
So, you can test if the hard drive is detected, if the partitions on it are detected, if the usb ports are running, etc.
Nevertheless, there are other live cds too, more specifically made to check hardware and software (like Knoppix).
What you need, I think, is an install cd for the operating system version you use (normally the cd from the actual installation). Using it, you can boot into a recovery or repair mode, that will "repair" the system installation by updating the system registry for the new hardware and fix the bootstrap process.
GParted acts on the hard drive, however I understand that the hard drive is perhaps the only part of the old system that remains in working condition (together with the monitor, keyboard and power supply). So, you have to rebuild the system around this hard drive, unless you prefer to reinstall the O.S.
In the late case, a Linux live cd could help you to backup the hard drive content in some external medium, especially data files like text documents, photo/music/video files, email, etc. This will make everything safer 
To do this, I think something like Ubuntu or Knoppix would be much easier for you, because it uses a user interface not very distant than that of mswindows (in fact, unix/linux x-windows is much older... )
I think you could look for some mswindows specific forum, unless other people here can help better.
To resize partitions, you need first your operating system running! 
Resizing comes next.
*** It is highly recommended to backup any important files before doing resize/move operations. ***